ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the gender and cultural differences in emotional memory of college students and whether they have memory preferences for emotional pictures with different valence.Methods Using the learning-recognition paradigm,fifty-four Tibetan and Han students were asked to recognize the emotional face images of different valence.The reaction time and accuracy of the subjects were recorded and analyzed.Results (1) The reaction times of the Tibetan and Han subjects were (1 808.28±528.45) ms and (1 508.27±455.37)ms,the main effect of national type was significant (F(1,50)=5.826,P＜0.05).The main effect of emotional picture valence was significant (F(2,100)=6.997,P＜0.05),the reaction time of negative pictures ((1 568.90 ± 534.45) ms) was significantly shorter than that of the positive picture ((1 684.08±476.24) ms) and neural pictures ((1 738.51 ± 528.73) ms).(2) On the accuracy rate,the main effect of emotional picture valence was significant (F(2,49)=29.56,P＜0.05).The accuracy of negative images ((78.83±8.55) ％) was significantly higher than that of the positive ((73.41 ±9.66) ％) and neutral picture ((67.96 ± 9.64) ％).(3) For Tibetan subjects,the accuracy of positive picture ((77.46 ± 8.48)％) was significantly higher than that of positive ((70.89±8.83)％) and neutral pictures ((67.32± 8.70) ％),the main effect of emotional picture valence was significant (F(2.52)=14.891,P＜0.05).(4) For Han subjects,,the response time of negative images ((1 359.89±365.58) ms) was significantly shorter than that of positive ((1 549.93±434.60) ms) and neutral pictures ((1 615.01±528.77) ms),the main effect of emotional picture valence was significant (F(2,48)=9.758,P＜0.05).The accuracy of negative images ((80.31±8.53)％) was significantly higher than that of neutral ((68.65±10.70)％) and positive images ((76.12±9.94)％),and the main effect of emotional picture valence was significant (F(2,48) =15.359,P＜ 0.05).Conclusion National culture and emotional valence affect the emotional memory of the Tibetan and Han students.Both Tibetan and Han students have obvious "negative bias" on the recognition of emotional images,but they have different characteristics.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of umbilical cord blood monocytes(UCBMC) transplantation in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) on rat astrocyte proliferation and its correlation with bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) 4.Methods Forty 7-day-old SD rats with the random number table,were divided into normal control(CON) group,hypoxic-ischemic(HI) group,normal(N) + UCBMC group,HI + UCBMC group,10 rats in each group.HIBD model was prepared according to the Rice method.Twenty-four hours after hypoxia,the UCBMC group and HI + UCBMC group were injected with 3 × 106 UCBMC via the lateral ventricle.Seven days after transplantation,changes in the number of neurons were observed by Nissl staining;the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was observed by Western blot;the astrocyte proliferation was observed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)/GFAP,BMP4/GFAP immunofluorescence double staining,and their correlation was analyzed.Results Nissl staining showed that the neurons at cerebral cortex and hippocamp were irregularly arranged and decreased in the HI group,and the number of Nissl-stained cells were significantly less than that in the CON group(tcortex =26.54,thippocamp =32.26,all P ＜0.05) ;but the Nissl-stained cells were well arranged in the HI + UCBMC group and more Nissl-stained cells were observed as compared with the HI group (tcortex =10.18,thippocamp =12.56,all P ＜ 0.05) ; Western blot showed that the expression of GFAP in the HI group was significantly higher than that in CON group(t =5.50,P ＜ 0.05) ;but the expression of GFAP in the HI + UCBMC group was significantly lower than that in the HI group (t =3.04,P ＜ 0.05) ; immunofluorescence double staining showed that there were more PCNA + GFAP + cells in the HI group compared with the CON group(t =10.39,P ＜ 0.05),but fewer PCNA + GFAP + cells were observed in the HI + UCBMC group than those in the HI group(t =3.72,P ＜ 0.05).And there were more BMP4 + cells in the HI group compared with the CON group (t =5.52,P ＜ 0.05),but fewer BMP4 + cells were observed in the HI + UCBMC group than those in the HI group(t =2.33,P ＜0.05).The fluorescence intensity of GFAP were correlated with that of BMP4 in HI + UCBMC group (r =0.84,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions UCBMC transplantation can decrease the proliferation of the astrocytes,thus promote brain damage repair and its mechanism might be collected with the decreased expression of BMP4.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the influence of prepubertal exposure to estradiol benzoate (EB)in the male reproductive system of the rats and the natural process of tissue repair,and to clarify the possible mechanism of the reproductive toxicity of exogenous estrogen.Methods Ninety 2 1-day-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (low dose of EB group and high dose of EB group,n=30)and control group (n=30). The rats in the experimental groups were injected with EB dissolved in peanut oil at 15(low dose of EB group)and 15 000μg·kg-1 (high dose of EB group)respectively,the rats in control group received equal vehicle injection only,once every other day for two weeks from postnatal day(PND)21 to 34.All of them were normally fed after the drug usage was stopped.The testes were harvested at the stages of PND 60 and PND 125(n=15 at each stage).The serum levels testosterone of (T),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),prolactin (PRL)and estradiol(E2)of the rats in various groups were detected with radioimmunology method and the weights of the rats in various groups were recorded;the histological changes of the testes tissue were observed with light microscope.Results On PND60,compared with control group,the T levels in low dose of EB group and high dose of EB group were decreased(P0.05);the weights of testes were decreased(P0.05 ), and the weight of testes was decreased (P0.05),and the weight of testes was decreased(P<0.01);there was still no sperm in high dose of EB group, the number of sperms was increased in low dose of EB group, but it was still lower than that in control group.Conclusion EB is harmful to the reproductive system and can change the normal serum sex hormone levels,even induces the irreversible injury.